Every Step I Take: Evaluating Stair Compliance At The UP Diliman Institute Of Civil Engineering Through Close-Range Photogrammetry

Abstract. This study explores the application of Close-Range Photogrammetry (CRP) for the structural assessment and compliance evaluation of stairs at the UP Diliman Institute of Civil Engineering. The analysis was performed on multiple flights of stairs, where scaling was done using a reference object due to the absence of ground control points (GCPs). For each step, three measurements were taken for both tread and rise dimensions and the average was computed to represent the values for consistency. Additionally, the standard deviation (SD) for both tread and rise within each flight was calculated to assess variability and conformity to the National Building Code of the Philippines (NBCP) standards. The results revealed significant variability in both tread and rise dimensions across the stairs. Only two flights of stairs out of twelve satisfied the 5 mm SD limit for tread, while none for rise. Ninety-three point sixteen percent (93.16%) fell outside the recommended tread range of 250-280 mm. The largest observed SDs were 11.16 mm for tread and 19.41 mm for rise, indicating considerable inconsistency in the stair dimensions. In terms of accuracy, the study validated the CRP method by comparing photogrammetry with actual physical measurements of the stairs. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Margin of Error (MOE) were used, yielding favorable results. The first stair demonstrated high accuracy, while the second showed minor variations that still fell within the lower end of the observed range, highlighting the reliability and precision of the measurement methods employed.

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Publication Details

Journal
˜The œinternational archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences/International archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences
Published
2026-02-10
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-5-w4-2025-23-2026
Primary Topic
3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage
Type
article
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article

Every Step I Take: Evaluating Stair Compliance At The UP Diliman Institute Of Civil Engineering Through Close-Range Photogrammetry

Maive Rich A. Casanova, Ginnel Andrei P. Amolato, Ma. Rosario Concepcion O. Ang, Jeram Evered N. Colendres
˜The œinternational archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences/International archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences
3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage
article

Every Step I Take: Evaluating Stair Compliance At The UP Diliman Institute Of Civil Engineering Through Close-Range Photogrammetry

Maive Rich A. Casanova, Ginnel Andrei P. Amolato, Ma. Rosario Concepcion O. Ang, Jeram Evered N. Colendres
article en

Abstract

Abstract. This study explores the application of Close-Range Photogrammetry (CRP) for the structural assessment and compliance evaluation of stairs at the UP Diliman Institute of Civil Engineering. The analysis was performed on multiple flights of stairs, where scaling was done using a reference object due to the absence of ground control points (GCPs). For each step, three measurements were taken for both tread and rise dimensions and the average was computed to represent the values for consistency. Additionally, the standard deviation (SD) for both tread and rise within each flight was calculated to assess variability and conformity to the National Building Code of the Philippines (NBCP) standards. The results revealed significant variability in both tread and rise dimensions across the stairs. Only two flights of stairs out of twelve satisfied the 5 mm SD limit for tread, while none for rise. Ninety-three point sixteen percent (93.16%) fell outside the recommended tread range of 250-280 mm. The largest observed SDs were 11.16 mm for tread and 19.41 mm for rise, indicating considerable inconsistency in the stair dimensions. In terms of accuracy, the study validated the CRP method by comparing photogrammetry with actual physical measurements of the stairs. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Margin of Error (MOE) were used, yielding favorable results. The first stair demonstrated high accuracy, while the second showed minor variations that still fell within the lower end of the observed range, highlighting the reliability and precision of the measurement methods employed.

˜The œinternational archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences/International archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciencesVol. XLVIII-5/W4-2025
University of the Philippines Diliman (PH)
Sustainable cities and communities
Openalex Percentile: Top 68%
3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage
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