Methodological insights into fecal microbiota transplantation: Dissecting key approaches for success

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a revolutionary treatment strategy for restoring gut microbiota in recurrent <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection and has also been explored across a broader range of dysbiosis-related diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease where it has demonstrated promising results and potential therapeutic benefits. The success of FMT largely depends on the careful implementation of best practices, which include selecting appropriate donors, preparing the stool properly, and choosing the right delivery methods. This mini-review explores the evolution of FMT methodologies, including donor screening protocols, advances in stool preparation, and innovations in administration routes. We also discuss emerging approaches, such as synthetic microbiota and microbiome engineering, alongside the challenges and future directions for standardizing FMT. These methodological advancements aim to enhance safety, efficacy, and accessibility of FMT, establishing it as a key player in microbiome-based therapies.