PARKINSON'S DISEASE: A MULTISYSTEM NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDER

Typical motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) include tremor, stiffness, bradykinesia, and postural instability; these symptoms are part of the chronic and progressive neurodegenerative condition. But new research in pathology, fundamental science, and clinical practice has broadened PD's definition to include neurodegeneration in several systems, not only the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system. Neuropsychiatric issues, cognitive dysfunction, sleep disturbances, sensory loss, gastrointestinal problems, and autonomic dysfunction are among the non-motor symptoms caused by the pathological buildup of α-synuclein, which affects various parts of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Several years before motor symptoms appear, these non-motor symptoms may be a major cause of morbidity and a decline in quality of life. Important implications for monitoring the illness, early diagnosis, and comprehensive care regimens arise from thinking of Parkinson's disease as a multisystem neurodegenerative condition. In order to better understand Parkinson's disease and its pathophysiology, clinical manifestations across several systems, diagnostic tools, and treatment plans, this study will focus on the role of clinical pharmacists and interdisciplinary teams in improving patient outcomes.