Hidden Toll of CRE Colonization: Tripled Three-Year Mortality Risk and Increased Bloodstream Infection Burden After Allo-HSCT—A Propensity-Adjusted Study

Pre-transplant CRE colonization is strongly associated with poorer allo-HSCT outcomes, including increased CRE BSI incidence and 100-day mortality, delayed engraftment, accelerated cGVHD onset, and approximately threefold higher 3-year mortality risk. These findings position CRE colonization as a potentially modifiable driver of both early and long-term morbidity, highlighting the critical need for routine screening and targeted decolonization strategies to improve survival in this high-risk population.