Color and surface properties of conventional, injectable, and 3D-printed resin composites for anterior restorations: influence of a surface sealant

This in vitro study evaluated the color stability (ΔE₀₀), gloss, and surface roughness of four resin composites (GC G-ænial A'Chord, Enamel Plus HRi, GC G-ænial Injectable, Saremco Crowntec) with and without BisCover LV surface coating after 28 days of immersion in coffee, red wine, and distilled water. A total of 192 specimens (n = 12/group) were prepared. After 10,000 toothbrushing cycles, specimens were assigned to coated and uncoated groups. Color was measured at baseline and days 1, 7, and 28, while gloss and roughness were recorded at baseline and day 28. ΔE₀₀ values were calculated using the CIEDE2000 formula. Data were analyzed by three-way ANOVA with Tukey tests (α = 0.05). Red wine produced the highest color change (ΔE₀₀: 6.2-7.2), followed by coffee (5.0-6.6) and water (1.1-1.3). HRi showed the greatest discoloration, whereas G-ænial Injectable was most stable. BisCover LV reduced color change by 20-25%, limited gloss loss, and decreased roughness increase. A strong negative correlation was found between gloss and roughness (r = -0.882, p < 0.001). Injectable composites demonstrated superior color stability. BisCover LV improved the optical and surface properties across materials and may enhance long-term esthetic outcomes. Pigmented beverages produced clinically significant discoloration beyond acceptability thresholds.