Crosstalk in Signaling Pathways and Mutations of Therapeutic Target Genes in Oral Cancer: A Comprehensive Review

This review focuses on HNSCC and OC, both of which are complex diseases with multiple molecular mechanisms. Understanding the cross-talk between signaling pathways is crucial for identifying novel therapeutic targets. Despite advancements in modern medicine and synthetic drugs, herbal remedies continue to be used in healthcare and can effectively support therapy in various ways. Biological therapies, such as monoclonal antibodies, can help reduce the side effects of chemotherapy, whereas synthetic drugs have posed challenges in recent years.