Insect-based diets in aquaculture: impacts on fish growth and sustainability

The search for sustainable protein sources in aquaculture has increased interest in insect-based feeds as alternatives to conventional fishmeal. Insects offer high nutritional value, containing substantial levels of protein, essential amino acids, lipids, and minerals, while efficiently converting organic waste into valuable biomass. This review examines the use of insect-derived diets in aquaculture and their influence on fish growth performance, feed efficiency, and sustainability. Several insect species, including Hermetia illucens, Tenebrio molitor, and Bombyx mori, have been reported to enhance key performance indicators such as Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), and Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER). However, limitations remain, particularly related to low long-chain omega-3 fatty acid content, variability in nutrient composition, and potential issues with digestibility and palatability. Beyond nutritional benefits, insect-based feeds contribute to environmental sustainability by reducing dependence on fishmeal and lowering the ecological footprint of aquaculture. Overall, insect-based diets represent a promising strategy to support sustainable aquaculture development and global food security, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals, especially SDG 14 (Life Below Water).