Optimal storage duration for dormancy break and early growth in shallot bulbs

Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) are a critical horticultural crop in Indonesia; however, their production remains unstable owing to the inconsistent availability of quality planting materials. This study aimed to determine the optimal storage duration to break dormancy and enhance the early growth of Super Philips shallot bulbs under ambient conditions. A randomised complete block design was used to assess five storage durations (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks) by evaluating the sprouting percentage, rooting percentage, time to emergence, and early vegetative traits, including root volume, root length, plant height, and number of leaves. The results showed that bulbs stored for eight weeks exhibited the highest sprouting (98%) and rooting (99%) rates, along with the shortest mean emergence times and superior vegetative growth. Statistical analyses confirmed strong correlations and predictive regressions linking storage duration and physiological performance. These findings indicate that an eight-week storage period provides optimal physiological conditions for dormancy release, improves seedling vigour, and supports synchronised root and shoot development. This study offers actionable insights for seed management practices and validates empirical storage traditions, with implications for more stable and productive cultivation systems.