Digital transformation of food security in Odisha: from efficiency to impact (A)

Learning outcomes Case overview/synopsis This case examines a critical paradox in public service transformation: how operational excellence in public service delivery may not translate into proportional improvements in development outcomes. Through Odisha state’s digital transformation of its food security system, the case illustrates how resource-constrained governments can achieve efficiency gains while still struggling with persistent social challenges. Despite implementing comprehensive digital innovations that earned Odisha the highest ranking in India’s National Food Security Act Index, nutrition indicators remained concerning, revealing fundamental tensions between distribution efficiency and holistic impact.The two-part structure examines both the implementation of operational reforms (Part A) and the subsequent evolution toward addressing systemic factors affecting nutrition outcomes (Part B). This progression offers valuable insights for analyzing digital governance initiatives, multi-stakeholder collaboration in resource-constrained environments and the strategic challenges of bridging efficiency and impact in public welfare systems. The case provides rich material for educators teaching public policy, development administration and digital transformation and social sector management in emerging economies. Complexity academic level Graduate level (MBA, MPA) and executive education programs. Particularly suitable for courses in public policy, development administration, digital transformation and social sector management. Supplementary material Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS10: Public Sector Management.