Impact of maternal hypothyroidism on human milk macronutrient content and fatty acid composition: a prospective cohort study

Maternal hypothyroidism, even when treated with replacement therapy, was associated with altered HM FA composition. These changes may reflect thyroid hormone-related shifts in lipid metabolism, potentially influenced by maternal diet and adipose stores. Future longitudinal research is needed to investigate whether integrating thyroid-aware lactation support and targeted nutritional interventions can effectively modulate these effects and improve breastfeeding outcomes.