End‐to‐End Design and Validation of a Low‐Cost Stewart Platform With Nonlinear Estimation and Control

ABSTRACT This paper presents the complete design, control, and experimental validation of a low‐cost Stewart platform prototype developed as an affordable yet capable robotic testbed for research and education. The platform combines off‐the‐shelf components with 3D‐printed and custom‐fabricated parts to deliver full six degrees‐of‐freedom (6‐DoF) motions using six linear actuators connecting a moving platform to a fixed base. The system software integrates dynamic modeling, data acquisition, and real‐time control within a unified framework. A robust trajectory tracking controller based on feedback linearization, augmented with an LQR scheme, compensates for the platform's nonlinear dynamics to achieve precise motion control. In parallel, an Extended Kalman Filter fuses IMU and actuator encoder feedback to provide accurate and reliable state estimation under sensor noise and external disturbances. Unlike prior efforts that emphasize only isolated aspects such as modeling or control, this work delivers a complete hardware–software platform validated through both simulation and experiments on static and dynamic trajectories. Results demonstrate effective trajectory tracking and real‐time state estimation, highlighting the platform's potential as a cost‐effective and versatile tool for advanced research and educational applications.