Reconfigurable, Self-Adaptive Organic–Metal Oxide Hybrid Phototransistors for Highly Sensitive Photosensing and In-Sensor Image Preprocessing

Organic-metal oxide hybrid phototransistors (HPTs) with gate-tunable photoresponse and heterointerfacial photogating effects are promising candidates for developing reconfigurable intelligent optoelectronic systems. However, achieving reconfigurability and self-adaptability in organic-metal oxide HPTs remains a challenge. Herein, we propose a reconfigurable and self-adaptive HPT based on indium-gallium-zinc oxide and organic bulk heterojunction, capable of gate-tunable dual modes with both highly sensitive photosensing and light-intensity-adaptive bidirectional photoresponse for in-sensor image preprocessing. The photocarrier trapping dynamics at the organic-metal oxide heterointerface generate bipolar photogating effects under the synergistic modulation of gate bias and light intensity, enabling reconfigurable and self-adaptive photoresponse in organic-metal oxide HPTs. The highly sensitive photosensing mode exhibits broadband photodetection with a high dark current shot noise-limited specific detectivity over 10¹⁴ Jones. In the light-intensity-adaptive bidirectional photoresponse mode, the HPT performs self-adaptive in-sensor image denoising. This work provides physical insights into the heterointerfacial photocarrier trapping dynamics in organic-metal oxide HPTs and efficient design strategies for reconfigurable and self-adaptive biomimetic optoelectronics.