Finite element analysis and validation of hydrodynamic cavitation device for sustainable cellulose fibre recycling

Abstract The current study explores the application of a hydrodynamic cavitation device (HCD) for cellulose fibre recycling, a key step toward improving sustainability in the paper and packaging industries. Hydrodynamic cavitation, generated through the controlled formation and subsequent collapse of vapourous cavities in liquid media, offers an energy-efficient alternative to conventional fibre treatment methods. The HCD system was optimised using finite element analysis (FEA) to enhance its operational performance. Experimental trials demonstrated a ~ 23% improvement in dewatering efficiency and an approximate 20% reduction in product defects owing to enhanced fibre dispersion. The outcomes were corroborated by industrial-scale validation, confirming the reproducibility of the laboratory results under actual processing conditions. The findings highlight the transformative potential of HCD in sustainable cellulose fibre recycling, offering measurable operational advantages and environmental benefits for large-scale implementation.