AI ethical challenges: a perspective of AI developers in postcolonial countries

Purpose The study of AI ethics is rapidly expanding, but West Africa faces a disadvantage due to the lack of available data and research. This leaves the region susceptible to the negative consequences of imported AI technologies. Our study helps to identify the root causes of unethical outcomes. It provides valuable insights for dealing with AI’sunethical outcomes and understanding the social changes it may bring while addressing the pressing need for research that explores the interaction between resources, power relations, and social norms that influence AI development from the developer’s perspective. Design/methodology/approach Following critical social theory, we interviewed 45 system developers from West Africa. We adopted the postcolonial theory to examine power dynamics in AI development, algorithm colonisation, technology mimicry and decolonisation. We applied the critical thematic analysis for the data analysis. Findings This study examines the power dynamics in global AI development through the lens of postcolonial theory, highlighting the dominance of the Global North, particularly corporations and research institutions in North America and Western Europe. This dominance extends beyond technological control, including narratives, resources and policymaking processes that influence AI’sglobal trajectory. Local entities in the Global South, such as those in West Africa, heavily depend on foreign vendors for AI technologies. This reliance curtails local autonomy and perpetuates a cycle of dependency reminiscent of historical colonial practices, a phenomenon described as technological imperialism, thus driving technology mimicry and algorithm colonisation. Originality/value Our research is a valuable and timely contribution to AI ethics, providing insightful perspectives on the ethical challenges posed by AI in West Africa. Our findings serve as an essential roadmap for shaping policy decisions related to AI education, governance, and design, aiming to promote inclusive and ethical development in West Africa. Through our rigorous theoretical analysis and practical insights, we aim to foster a culture of inclusive AI development, ethical excellence, social responsibility, and accountability in our rapidly evolving world.