From the perspective of spatial justice and temporal justice a study on social stratification of physical activity participation among Chinese residents—empirical analysis based on CGSS2023

This study shows the various levels of mechanisms through which social stratification affects participation in physical activities. Spatial differences are not only the "compositional effect" of socioeconomic factors but also an independent "contextual effect" caused by uneven built environments and public service provision. "Time poverty" is now a general form of social constraint that cuts across different geographical boundaries, while the transcendent power of cultural capital proves that Bourdieu's theory is applicable to health behavior studies, revealing the cultural reproduction mechanism behind health inequality. Discovery of the 'gym paradox' challenges the simplistic assumption that commercialised fitness is equivalent to modern sporting participation, suggesting instead that we need to reconsider what place there might be for localised forms of exercise which are oriented around lifestyles as part of a national programme on fitness.