Delayed scaling of multitype cosmic <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> </mml:math> - and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> </mml:ma

We investigate the velocity-dependent one-scale model to the case of one cosmic F-string and two D-strings as color flux tubes in pure Spin( <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <a:mn>4</a:mn> <a:mi>N</a:mi> </a:math> ) gauge theory. We analytically calculate the scaling string density as a function of the reconnection probabilities, and confirm our results with numerical calculations. We also determine the timescale at which the string density reaches the scaling regime, and find that for certain values of the reconnection probability, the scaling time can become extremely large, by many orders of magnitude. This leads to a characteristic suppression signature of the gravitational-wave signal at high frequencies, which may become observable in the frequency range of future interferometric gravitational-wave observations.

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Publication Details

Journal
Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
Published
2026-02-09
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1103/4tkt-pfk2
Primary Topic
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
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Delayed scaling of multitype cosmic <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> </mml:math> - and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> </mml:ma

Masaki Yamada, Kazuto Nakamura
Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
article

Delayed scaling of multitype cosmic <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> </mml:math> - and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> </mml:ma

Masaki Yamada, Kazuto Nakamura
article en

Abstract

We investigate the velocity-dependent one-scale model to the case of one cosmic F-string and two D-strings as color flux tubes in pure Spin( <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <a:mn>4</a:mn> <a:mi>N</a:mi> </a:math> ) gauge theory. We analytically calculate the scaling string density as a function of the reconnection probabilities, and confirm our results with numerical calculations. We also determine the timescale at which the string density reaches the scaling regime, and find that for certain values of the reconnection probability, the scaling time can become extremely large, by many orders of magnitude. This leads to a characteristic suppression signature of the gravitational-wave signal at high frequencies, which may become observable in the frequency range of future interferometric gravitational-wave observations.

Physical review. D/Physical review. D.Vol. 113(6)
Tohoku University (JP)
Openalex Percentile: Top 59%
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
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Delayed scaling of multitype cosmic <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> </mml:math> - and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> </mml:ma — Masaki Yamada, Kazuto Nakamura · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS