L-Asparaginase bioprospection from Bacillus species

Abstract L-Asparaginase (L-ASNase) is an enzyme widely used on protocols for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and some solid tumors. It works by depleting asparagine, an essential amino acid for the growth of neoplastic cells, while normal cells can synthesize it independently. Today, only L-ASNase isolated from Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi is approved and commercially available for clinical use. However, its application is often limited due to adverse effects and the development of resistance. To circumvent these challenges, researchers are exploring new sources of L-ASNase, mainly in bacteria, aiming advantages, like greater stability, reduced immunogenicity and, improved pharmacokinetic properties. Recent studies have identified promising L-ASNase candidates from Bacillus genus. In this context, we review recent data on the isolation of novel L-ASNase from Bacillus species, highlighting the importance of bioprospection for improving oncologic therapies. Graphical abstract