Leading-twist gluon transverse momentum dependent distributions from large-momentum effective theory

We present the perturbative calculation of the leading-twist gluon transverse momentum dependent distribution functions (TMDPDFs) at one-loop level within large-momentum effective theory. By employing the basis of circular polarizations, we generalize the gluon-gluon correlator to a matrix <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <a:mrow> <a:msubsup> <a:mrow> <a:mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</a:mi> </a:mrow> <a:mrow> <a:mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</a:mi> <a:msup> <a:mrow> <a:mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</a:mi> </a:mrow> <a:mrow> <a:mo>′</a:mo> </a:mrow> </a:msup> </a:mrow> <a:mrow> <a:mi>i</a:mi> <a:mi>j</a:mi> </a:mrow> </a:msubsup> <a:mo stretchy="false">(</a:mo> <a:mi>x</a:mi> <a:mo>,</a:mo> <a:msubsup> <a:mrow> <a:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">k</a:mi> </a:mrow> <a:mrow> <a:mi>T</a:mi> </a:mrow> <a:mrow> <a:mn>2</a:mn> </a:mrow> </a:msubsup> <a:mo>;</a:mo> <a:mi>S</a:mi> <a:mo stretchy="false">)</a:mo> </a:mrow> </a:math> in the gluon <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <i:mo stretchy="false">⊗</i:mo> </i:math> hadron spin space. Incorporating the transverse momentum of external states, we derive the leading-twist gluon TMDPDFs and quasi-TMDPDFs at one-loop level. Our calculations reveal nonzero distributions for the gluon TMDPDFs <l:math xmlns:l="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <l:msubsup> <l:mi>f</l:mi> <l:mrow> <l:mn>1</l:mn> <l:mi>T</l:mi> </l:mrow> <l:mrow> <l:mo>⊥</l:mo> <l:mi>g</l:mi> </l:mrow> </l:msubsup> <l:mo stretchy="false">(</l:mo> <l:mi>x</l:mi> <l:mo>,</l:mo> <l:msubsup> <l:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">k</l:mi> <l:mi>T</l:mi> <l:mn>2</l:mn> </l:msubsup> <l:mo stretchy="false">)</l:mo> </l:math> , <q:math xmlns:q="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <q:mrow> <q:msubsup> <q:mrow> <q:mi>h</q:mi> </q:mrow> <q:mrow> <q:mn>1</q:mn> </q:mrow> <q:mrow> <q:mo>⊥</q:mo> <q:mi>g</q:mi> </q:mrow> </q:msubsup> <q:mo stretchy="false">(</q:mo> <q:mi>x</q:mi> <q:mo>,</q:mo> <q:msubsup> <q:mrow> <q:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">k</q:mi> </q:mrow> <q:mrow> <q:mi>T</q:mi> </q:mrow> <q:mrow> <q:mn>2</q:mn> </q:mrow> </q:msubsup> <q:mo stretchy="false">)</q:mo> </q:mrow> </q:math> , <v:math xmlns:v="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <v:msubsup> <v:mi>h</v:mi> <v:mrow> <v:mn>1</v:mn> <v:mi>T</v:mi> </v:mrow> <v:mi>g</v:mi> </v:msubsup> <v:mo stretchy="false">(</v:mo> <v:mi>x</v:mi> <v:mo>,</v:mo> <v:msubsup> <v:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">k</v:mi> <v:mi>T</v:mi> <v:mn>2</v:mn> </v:msubsup> <v:mo stretchy="false">)</v:mo> </v:math> , and <ab:math xmlns:ab="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <ab:msubsup> <ab:mi>h</ab:mi> <ab:mrow> <ab:mn>1</ab:mn> <ab:mi>T</ab:mi> </ab:mrow> <ab:mrow> <ab:mo>⊥</ab:mo> <ab:mi>g</ab:mi> </ab:mrow> </ab:msubsup> <ab:mo stretchy="false">(</ab:mo> <ab:mi>x</ab:mi> <ab:mo>,</ab:mo> <ab:msubsup> <ab:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">k</ab:mi> <ab:mi>T</ab:mi> <ab:mn>2</ab:mn> </ab:msubsup> <ab:mo stretchy="false">)</ab:mo> </ab:math> . These findings enable future lattice quantum chromodynamics simulations to extract these gluon TMDPDFs, which will facilitate a complete determination of nucleon tomography.

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Publication Details

Journal
Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
Published
2026-02-09
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1103/ltn6-lypk
Primary Topic
High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
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article
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article

Leading-twist gluon transverse momentum dependent distributions from large-momentum effective theory

Z. H. Lu, Anonymous
Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
article

Leading-twist gluon transverse momentum dependent distributions from large-momentum effective theory

Z. H. Lu, Anonymous
article en

Abstract

We present the perturbative calculation of the leading-twist gluon transverse momentum dependent distribution functions (TMDPDFs) at one-loop level within large-momentum effective theory. By employing the basis of circular polarizations, we generalize the gluon-gluon correlator to a matrix <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <a:mrow> <a:msubsup> <a:mrow> <a:mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</a:mi> </a:mrow> <a:mrow> <a:mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</a:mi> <a:msup> <a:mrow> <a:mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</a:mi> </a:mrow> <a:mrow> <a:mo>′</a:mo> </a:mrow> </a:msup> </a:mrow> <a:mrow> <a:mi>i</a:mi> <a:mi>j</a:mi> </a:mrow> </a:msubsup> <a:mo stretchy="false">(</a:mo> <a:mi>x</a:mi> <a:mo>,</a:mo> <a:msubsup> <a:mrow> <a:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">k</a:mi> </a:mrow> <a:mrow> <a:mi>T</a:mi> </a:mrow> <a:mrow> <a:mn>2</a:mn> </a:mrow> </a:msubsup> <a:mo>;</a:mo> <a:mi>S</a:mi> <a:mo stretchy="false">)</a:mo> </a:mrow> </a:math> in the gluon <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <i:mo stretchy="false">⊗</i:mo> </i:math> hadron spin space. Incorporating the transverse momentum of external states, we derive the leading-twist gluon TMDPDFs and quasi-TMDPDFs at one-loop level. Our calculations reveal nonzero distributions for the gluon TMDPDFs <l:math xmlns:l="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <l:msubsup> <l:mi>f</l:mi> <l:mrow> <l:mn>1</l:mn> <l:mi>T</l:mi> </l:mrow> <l:mrow> <l:mo>⊥</l:mo> <l:mi>g</l:mi> </l:mrow> </l:msubsup> <l:mo stretchy="false">(</l:mo> <l:mi>x</l:mi> <l:mo>,</l:mo> <l:msubsup> <l:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">k</l:mi> <l:mi>T</l:mi> <l:mn>2</l:mn> </l:msubsup> <l:mo stretchy="false">)</l:mo> </l:math> , <q:math xmlns:q="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <q:mrow> <q:msubsup> <q:mrow> <q:mi>h</q:mi> </q:mrow> <q:mrow> <q:mn>1</q:mn> </q:mrow> <q:mrow> <q:mo>⊥</q:mo> <q:mi>g</q:mi> </q:mrow> </q:msubsup> <q:mo stretchy="false">(</q:mo> <q:mi>x</q:mi> <q:mo>,</q:mo> <q:msubsup> <q:mrow> <q:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">k</q:mi> </q:mrow> <q:mrow> <q:mi>T</q:mi> </q:mrow> <q:mrow> <q:mn>2</q:mn> </q:mrow> </q:msubsup> <q:mo stretchy="false">)</q:mo> </q:mrow> </q:math> , <v:math xmlns:v="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <v:msubsup> <v:mi>h</v:mi> <v:mrow> <v:mn>1</v:mn> <v:mi>T</v:mi> </v:mrow> <v:mi>g</v:mi> </v:msubsup> <v:mo stretchy="false">(</v:mo> <v:mi>x</v:mi> <v:mo>,</v:mo> <v:msubsup> <v:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">k</v:mi> <v:mi>T</v:mi> <v:mn>2</v:mn> </v:msubsup> <v:mo stretchy="false">)</v:mo> </v:math> , and <ab:math xmlns:ab="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <ab:msubsup> <ab:mi>h</ab:mi> <ab:mrow> <ab:mn>1</ab:mn> <ab:mi>T</ab:mi> </ab:mrow> <ab:mrow> <ab:mo>⊥</ab:mo> <ab:mi>g</ab:mi> </ab:mrow> </ab:msubsup> <ab:mo stretchy="false">(</ab:mo> <ab:mi>x</ab:mi> <ab:mo>,</ab:mo> <ab:msubsup> <ab:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">k</ab:mi> <ab:mi>T</ab:mi> <ab:mn>2</ab:mn> </ab:msubsup> <ab:mo stretchy="false">)</ab:mo> </ab:math> . These findings enable future lattice quantum chromodynamics simulations to extract these gluon TMDPDFs, which will facilitate a complete determination of nucleon tomography.

Physical review. D/Physical review. D.Vol. 113(5)
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High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
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