E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1-mediated GSK3β degradation activates β-catenin signaling to facilitate colorectal cancer cell proliferation

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most prevalent and lethal malignancies worldwide, imposing a substantial burden on global healthcare systems [1].Despite advances in early detection and therapeutic strategies, the prognosis for patients with advanced or metastatic CRC remains poor, highlighting the urgent need to unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms driving CRC initiation and progression.COP1 (constitutive photomorphogenic 1, also known as RFWD2) was initially found in Arabidopsis as a regulator of photomorphogenesis [2].COP1 functions as a