Application of context-aware microtasks and feedback loops to enhance decision support during execution of operational procedures in the border management domain

<ns3:p>Background Maritime border surveillance has been encountering other problems such as irregular migration, smuggling, and illegal fishing which require enhanced situational awareness and organized multi-authority reaction. Current surveillance technology has been successful in detecting threats, and is frequently not yet equipped with a systematic, context-aware tool for operational decision making. We present in this study a Decision Support System (DSS) developed in the context of the EURMARS project to facilitate the implementation of Common Operational Procedures (COPs) by means of microtask suggestions and feedback. Methods The DSS integrates fused sensor data and threat assessments from the EURMARS platform and gives operators contextualized microtasks with respect to designated COP steps. The microtasks are then derived and polished using feedback from real-time (online) and post-operation (offline) user feedback processed through natural language algorithms. A voting system prioritizes microtasks on relevance and operational value. The system was investigated in three field demonstrations with real field staff from various EU authorities. Results Using multiple demonstrations in Cyprus, the UK and Bulgaria, users delivered microtasks that increased the effectiveness of COP execution. Some of the initial microtask directions were provided in early deployments and subsequent demonstrations grew, refined, and validated these suggestions. Operators also described greater clarity in the procedural process, greater reliability among agencies, and better confidence in making decisions in situations like AIS spoofing and unsanctioned vessel action. Conclusions The DSS does well linking the top-down management and the bottom-up operational decision-making process with grounded, contextual, form-specific microtasks that are responsive to user feedback. Its dynamic learning mode allows for procedure to be standardized, enhances situational awareness and better operation coordination of the various authorities. The system’s potential to improve maritime surveillance workflows and align with the changing security needs of border management is evident in these results.</ns3:p>