A dataset for revealing the potential of inter-primer binding site (iPBS), Start codon-targeted (SCoT), and CAAT box-derived polymorphism (CBDP) in exploring genetic diversity and grouping the plant genetic materials: A case study in Aegilops tauschi

Exploring genetic diversity and grouping genetic materials into distinguished clusters are basic steps in developing sustainable crop varieties within any breeding program. In this line, the molecular marker systems serve as one of the most important biological tools that provide valuable information at the molecular level. In this dataset, three molecular marker techniques, including inter-primer binding site (iPBS), Start codon-targeted (SCoT), and CAAT box-derived polymorphism (CBDP) in terms of their potential to explore genetic diversity and group the 111 <i>Aegilops tauschii</i> accessions. Based on the results, iPBS primers showed higher values for total amplified fragments (TAF = 14.70), polymorphic amplified fragments (PAF = 14.70), polymorphism information content (PIC = 0.41), marker index (MI = 16.31), and resolving power (Rp = 6.13) compare to SCoT (TAF = 10.80; PAF = 10.80; PIC = 0.38; MI = 12.90; Rp = 4.12) and CBDP (TAF = 9.93; PAF = 9.33; PIC = 0.37; MI = 4.12; Rp = 3.44) markers. In all analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) based each marker technique, the genetic variation within populations was exceeded the variation among them (SCoT = 57 % vs 42 %; CBDP = 58 % vs 42 %; iPBS = 68 % vs 32 %). However, gene-targeted markers (SCoT and CBDP) showed more efficiency in grouping the accessions compared to iPBS technique. In more detail, CBDP markers revealed a clearer and more stable grouping of <i>Ae. tauschii</i> accessions, so grouping patterns were consistent with the geographical distributions of the studied accessions. Overall, this report suggests that the CBDP marker technique can serve as a powerful genotyping tool with substantial potential for assessing genetic diversity and further phylogenetic studies.