Research Progress in Soft Conductor Technologies Based on Conductive Hydrogel Nanocomposites

Bioelectronics has rapidly advanced in response to the growing demand for measuring and monitoring biological signals using electronic devices. Highly stretchable electronic systems have drawn significant attention due to their strong conformal adhesion to soft biological tissues. Hydrogels have emerged as promising materials for stretchable bioelectronic applications owing to their tissue-like mechanical properties, high stretchability, intrinsic biocompatibility. However, conventional hydrogels face an inherent trade-off between mechanical stretchability and electrical conductivity. To address this limitation, conductive filler-integrated hydrogels have been extensively developed to achieve both high stretchability and enhanced electrical performance. This review summarizes recent progress in hydrogel nanocomposites incorporating diverse conductive nanomaterial fillers and discusses future research directions and prospects for hydrogel-based soft conductors.