Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase genes (IDH1 and IDH2) are common in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), occurring in up to 30% of AML cases. Mutations in IDH lead to abnormal epigenetic regulation in AML cells and block differentiation. Inhibitors of mutated IDH1 and IDH2, vorasidenib, ivosidenib, olutasidenib, and enasidenib, respectively, were recently approved by the FDA for relapsed/refractory AML. In this review, we mainly focus on IDH inhibitors in leukemia therapy, including the discovery, structure optimization, activity of IDH inhibitors, and applications, which provided the reference for the discovery of new anticancer agents.