Numerical analysis of cavitation bubble dynamics at the mechanical seal interface

This study introduces a combined model to explain the microscopic mechanisms that control cavitation in mechanical seals. The model merges a macroscopic analysis of fluid lubrication using the Reynolds equation with a microscopic model of single-bubble dynamics governed by the Gilmore equation. This integration allows for an examination of bubble behavior within the flow field of the fan-shaped groove mechanical seal. An exploration of how cavitation intensity is affected by seal geometric parameters and operational conditions from a micro-bubble dynamics perspective was carried out. The findings indicate that pressure fluctuations cause intense volumetric oscillations in bubbles, leading to the emission of energy in the form of acoustic pressure waves. It is also shown that increasing rotational speed and decreasing groove depth significantly amplify local pressure gradients and flow velocities, thereby enhancing the likelihood of cavitation. The notable cavitation phenomena arise due to the combined effects of shallow groove depths and high rotational speeds. This study establishes a theoretical basis for optimizing mechanical seal design and managing cavitation effects.