Distinct Enterovirus Antigen Landscape in Children With Islet Autoimmunity
Children positive for islet autoimmunity (IA) in two different Australian cohorts showed a distinct enterovirus (EV) antibody signature against specific regions of the EV genome polyprotein. A specific motif in the 3D region of the EV polyprotein was consistently enriched across cohorts and sexes, making it a potential marker for IA onset. Anti-VP1 motif antibody levels varied by sex, with significantly elevated levels in male children linked to early IA onset, highlighting possible sex-specific antiviral immunity. Findings support that host immune responses against EVs drive IA development, calling for a new framework to study host-virus interactions in IA.
Authors
- Dylan B. Foskett (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1533-7103)
- L. C. Harrison
- Rebecca L. Thomson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7807-4144)
- Helena Oakey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1057-7615)
- Ki Wook Kim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9579-6408)
- Georgia Soldatos
- Legana C H W Fingerhut (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2482-5336)
- Charles S. P. Foster (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6700-3746)
- Beatriz Delgado-Corrales
- Leung Preston
- Jason A. Tye-Din
- Marc Wilkins
- Simon C. Barry
- Tony Huynh
- Megan A. S. Penno
- Jutta E Laiho
- Elizabeth A. Davis
- Emma E. Hamilton-Williams
- Maria E. Craig
- Cynthia S. A. Yau
- Peter G. Colman
- Jennifer J. Couper
- John M. Wentworth
- Aveni Haynes
- Kelly J. McGorm
- Peter J. Vuillermin
- Emily J. Ward
- William D. Rawlinson
- Aakash Annadurai
- ENDIA Study Group*
Institutions
- Translational Research Institute (AU)
- New South Wales Department of Health (AU)
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital (AU)
- Barwon Health (AU)
- Deakin University (AU)
- Tampere University of Applied Sciences (FI)
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- The Kids Research Institute Australia (AU)
- The University of Western Australia (AU)
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (AU)
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (AU)
- Princess Margaret Hospital for Children (AU)
- Women's and Children's Hospital (AU)
- Children's Hospital at Westmead (AU)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Monash Health (AU)
- Tampere University (FI)
- Fimlab (Finland) (FI)
- Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service (AU)
- Monash University (AU)
- The University of Adelaide (AU)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Diabetes
- Published
- 2026-02-09
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.2337/db25-0805
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Diabetes and associated disorders
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 30.93
Funders
- Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust
- National Institutes of Health
- University of California, San Francisco
- Medical Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases