Provenance Discrimination of Ming Dynasty (1368–1644 CE) Imitated Longquan Celadon from Jianyang Bowl Kiln and Jingdezhen Kiln

Longquan celadon represents the pinnacle of Chinese celadon, and there are many kilns in southern China that imitate Longquan celadon. During the Ming Dynasty, Jianyang Bowl Kiln was the representative kiln in Fujian Province for imitating Longquan celadon, while Jingdezhen Kiln was the representative kiln in Jiangxi Province for imitating Longquan celadon. The quality of both is close to that of Longquan celadon, making it difficult to distinguish by ordinary visual observation. This study focuses on Jianyang Bowl Kiln and Jingdezhen Kiln imitating Longquan celadon, comprehensively employing methods such as EDXRF, LA-ICP-MS, and chromaticity analysis to systematically investigate the similarities and differences in the composition of their body and glaze. The results indicate that distinct differences exist in the composition of trace and rare earth elements between the imitations of Longquan celadon produced by Jianyang Bowl Kiln and Jingdezhen Kiln, and authentic celadons from Longquan Kiln, which can serve as important criteria for distinguishing kilns. This provides systematic scientific data support for identifying the technological origins and production locations of Ming Dynasty imitations of Longquan celadon.