Assessment of mental and behavioural non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease using Artificial Intelligence (AI): a systematic review

Artificial intelligence shows promise for assessing mental and behavioural symptoms in Parkinson's disease, particularly cognitive and sleep disorders. Multimodal models demonstrate higher accuracy than single-source models, though external validation is necessary. The limited studies on depression and anxiety reflect existing diagnostic challenges and data limitations. Future research should refine diagnostic tools and expand multimodal approaches to these symptoms.