Sex Representation and User Preferences in Pain Drawing Body Charts in Back Pain Research: Multimethod Study
Our study reveals reporting gaps and a predominant male bias in the representation of sex in PD body charts used in back pain research. The newly developed sex-neutral body chart was widely perceived as sex-neutral, offering a promising step toward more inclusive pain assessment. However, variations in perception across racial groups highlight the need for cultural considerations in design. These findings underscore the potential of sex-neutral and culturally sensitive body charts to enhance the inclusivity and equity of back pain research and clinical practice.
Authors
- Yanick Xavier Lukic (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2576-6569)
- Philipp Ackermann (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4607-7620)
- Béatrice Lauber (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9675-1172)
- Sonja Schläpfer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0330-403X)
- Concepción Campos-Asensio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2724-2563)
- Christoph Johannes Laux (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5446-3057)
- Georg Wilhelm Kajdi
- Reto Sutter
- Jesús López-Alcalde
- Giovanni Colacicco
- Sophie Masneuf
- Casey Murphy
- Luana Nyirö
- Claudia M Witt
Institutions
- ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences (CH)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- University of St.Gallen (CH)
- Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (ES)
- University Hospital of Zurich (CH)
- Hospital Universitario de Getafe (ES)
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (ES)
Publication Details
- Journal
- JMIR Human Factors
- Published
- 2026-02-09
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.2196/76175
- Primary Topic
- Sex and Gender in Healthcare
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00