Dual Framework for Classification and Detection of Third Molar Impaction in Panoramic Radiographs

The proposed frameworks enable accurate and automated multiclass assessment of third molar impactions, achieving high diagnostic performance while preserving computational efficiency suitable for clinical deployment. This work advances artificial intelligence-assisted surgical planning by providing reliable F1-score-based evaluation, reliable real-time detection, and enhanced preoperative risk stratification in oral and maxillofacial surgery.