Limits of Structural Modernization of the Russian Agro-Industrial Complex in the Context of Ensuring Its Technological Sovereignty and Competitiveness

This study provides a critical analysis of the limitations to ensuring the technological sovereignty and competitiveness of Russia's agro-industrial complex (AIC). It is concluded that, despite the increased role of the state and the launch of a national project, funding for structural modernization of the AIC remains insufficient, amounting to less than 1% of total government expenditures on technological sovereignty. Using a systemic and interdisciplinary approach, a comprehensive map of key constraints identified in the financial, technological, technical, and social spheres is constructed. These include chronic underfunding, high import dependence, degradation of the equipment fleet, disruption of technological chains, desertification, and a shortage of qualified personnel. Based on the analysis, the scope of necessary structural modernization was determined: annual investment of at least 2 trillion rubles in the agro-industrial complex, 15% annual renewal of the equipment fleet, implementation of a rural social redevelopment program, and the creation of an effective technology transfer mechanism. The study's findings emphasize that achieving technological sovereignty in the agro-industrial complex requires a revision of state policy priorities and a significant increase in targeted funding.