Association of self-stigma, impulsivity, and insomnia with anxiety and depression in patients with Kallmann syndrome.

This study preliminarily identified the major modifiable factors associated with anxiety and depression in KS patients, including self-stigma, loneliness, and insomnia. Impulsivity and insomnia demonstrated significant serial mediation effects linking self-stigma to affective outcomes. Multidimensional intervention strategies targeting stigma reduction, impulsivity regulation, and sleep-quality improvement may help alleviate anxiety-depression symptoms and ultimately improve overall quality of life in patients with KS.