Molten-Salt Reactor and Its Specific Features. Capture of Tritium and Radioactive Noble Gases in the Off-Gas Treatment System

The paper deals with the specific features of the operation of molten-salt reactors (MSRs) as applied to the off-gas treatment systems for the localization of the main radiotoxic nuclides of iodine, tritium, and radioactive noble gases (RNGs). The domestic off-gas treatment system of a research MSR (RMSR), adopted by the Rosatom State Corporation, is compared to that of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL, the United States, MSRЕ project). It is shown that the domestic research and development involved in the RMSR gas treatment strategy surpasses the world’s level owing to quantitative localization of molecular tritium from the gas phase, followed by its localization. This ensures radioecological safety of the reactor facility operation. The production rate of hazardous gaseous radionuclides (tritium, radioactive noble gas isotopes) in RMSR is calculated.