Mechanisms of gypenosides in type 2 diabetes mellitus via regulation of m6A methylase METTL3/14 and demethylase FTO.

GPs can effectively improve glucose-metabolism disorders, reduce inflammation, and protect pancreatic tissue in T2DM rats. The mechanisms may be associated with <i>METTL3/14</i> up-regulation and <i>FTO</i> down-regulation, leading to enhanced m6A methylation and subsequent activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. These findings provide strong evidence for GPs regulation of epigenetic m6A RNA modification and insulin-related downstream pathways, and suggest that natural compounds targeting m6A regulation may be explored in the future for metabolic disease interventions.