The Concept of Justice in Non-Litigious Dispute Resolution: An Analysis of Islamic Law and Positive Law

This study examines the concept of justice in non-litigious dispute resolution from the perspectives of Islamic law and Indonesian positive law, and explores prospects for integrating both into a national framework. The research asks how justice is conceptualized in Islamic mechanisms, how these conceptions are implemented within Indonesia’s ADR regime, what similarities and differences exist between the two legal traditions, and how they might be harmonized to strengthen national dispute resolution. Employing a qualitative library-research methodology, the study analyzes primary sources (Qur’an, Hadith, fiqh texts, and statutory regulations) and secondary literature, using descriptive qualitative analysis, comparative law methods, and normative legal evaluation. Findings reveal significant convergence around core principles—voluntariness, restorative orientation, efficiency, confidentiality, and attention to public welfare—while key divergences stem from ideological foundations (transcendental and moral in Islamic law versus secular-normative in positive law), the enforceability of outcomes, levels of procedural standardization, and institutional arrangements. Case studies demonstrate growing practical alignment, notably in sharia-compatible arbitration bodies, but also highlight gaps in mediator capacity, regulatory clarity, and enforcement mechanisms. The study recommends developing hybrid standards for sharia-informed mediator competency, revising legislation to recognize and regulate sharia-based mediation and arbitration, strengthening institutional harmonization, and promoting public education and digital platforms to expand access.