A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF SELECTED FMCG COMPANIES IN INDIA

This study presents a comparative analysis of the profitability performance of four leading FMCG companies in India—Hindustan Unilever Limited (HUL), Nestlé India, ITC Limited, and Britannia Industries—over a five-year period from 2020–21 to 2024–25. The research aims to evaluate key financial ratios, including Net Profit Margin, Return on Equity, Return on Assets, Return on Capital Employed, and Asset Turnover Ratio, to assess each company's efficiency and profitability trends. Statistical tools such as Mean, Standard Deviation, Coefficient of Variation, and One-Way ANOVA were applied to determine consistency, volatility, and significant differences among the companies. The study further explores internal and external factors—including pricing strategies, cost control, consumer behaviour, regulatory policies, and economic conditions that influence these financial outcomes. Findings confirm statistically significant differences in profitability metrics, offering valuable insights for investors, analysts, policymakers, and corporate strategists in understanding and responding to the dynamic landscape of the Indian FMCG sector.