Folate-GO-Lobaplatin Nanocomposite Enables Photothermal–Chemotherapy of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer and T-Cell Activation

Activating endogenous anti-tumor immunity in cancer therapy can dramatically improve therapeutic outcomes and therefore sparks enormous interest. Nevertheless, achieving simultaneous tumor control and robust T-cell immune activation remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we report a folate-functionalized graphene oxide–lobaplatin nanocomposite (FA-GO-LBP) that delivers photothermal–chemotherapy for epithelial ovarian cancer while simultaneously eliciting robust T-cell antitumor immune responses. FA modification enables specific cancer cell targeting, facilitates intracellular delivery via endocytosis, suppresses hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) expression, and inhibits tumor cell growth. Upon near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, FA-GO-LBP exhibits synergistic photothermal-chemotherapy through localized hyperthermia and controlled release of lobaplatin. In vitro experiments demonstrate that this approach is highly selective and efficiently eliminates tumor cells through thermal stimulation and drug release, achieving an approximate tumor cell inhibition rate of 94.3%. Moreover, by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) and folate-dependent HIF-1α suppression, this synergistic therapy enhances inflammatory cytokines production in lymphocytes and expands CD4 + and CD8 + effector T cells populations approximately 1.59-fold. By integrating photothermal ablation, targeting chemotherapy, and T-cell activation, FA-GO-LBP presents a promising nanotherapeutic strategy for the comprehensive treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer.