THE ROLE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT IN THE ECONOMIC CONVERGENCE PROCESS OF EUROPE (2015-2024)

The paper investigates the relationship between research and development (R&D) investment and real economic convergence in Europe during 2015-2024. Using Eurostat data, a multiple linear regression model is estimated to explain the growth rate of GDP per capita (PPS) as a function of initial GDP levels and R&D investment. The results confirm β-convergence, indicating faster growth in economies with lower initial GDP, while the R&D coefficient is not statistically significant, suggesting a predominantly indirect and delayed impact mediated through productivity and innovation. The conclusions highlight the priority of investment in human capital, digital infrastructure, and innovation as key pillars of sustainable convergence.