A Hybrid PMU-PDC-Cloud IoT Architecture for Enhanced Power Grid Monitoring

Monitoring power grids is critical to maintaining their reliability and stability, especially with the increasing integration of distributed energy resources (DERs). This study aims to develop a smart and scalable power grid monitoring system. The proposed system integrates phasor measurement units (PMUs), a phasor data concentrator (PDC), and a cloud-based Internet of Things (IoT) platform to achieve continuous monitoring and analysis. The system enables simultaneous measurements, real-time visualization, and predictive analytics using advanced frequent tracking algorithms. The cloud infrastructure enables real-time data visualization. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the system achieves high sensitivity in fault detection, accurately identifying voltage variations as small as 0.01 pu based on system nominal voltage, phase angle deviations within ±5°, and frequency anomalies. This enhances proactive fault detection and reduces service interruptions.