A comparative study on the burden and quality of life among caregivers of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

ABSTRACT Background: Caregiving for individuals with severe mental illnesses, like schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder (BPAD), is emotionally and physically demanding, leading to increased burden and reduced quality of life (QOL) for caregivers. Although research on caregiver burden is abundant in developed countries, studies on QOL predictors among caregivers in India are limited. Aims: This study aims to compare the burden and QOL among caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia and BPAD in India. Settings and Design: This comparative study was conducted at a tertiary care center in Visakhapatnam, South India, from October 2022 to March 2024. Subjects and Methods: A total of 60 caregivers (30 for schizophrenia and 30 for BPAD patients) were assessed using the burden assessment schedule (BAS) and the WHOQOL-BREF. Statistical Analysis Used: The statistical analysis included Chi-square tests, unpaired. Student’s t-tests, and Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficients, with significance set at P < 0.05. Results: Caregivers in both groups had a similar mean age, with a male predominance. Most caregivers were spouses, followed by children. Schizophrenia caregivers had a slightly higher BAS score, indicating greater burden, especially in patient dependency and behavior. However, BPAD caregivers reported a higher burden in the spouse-related domain. BPAD caregivers had significantly better QOL in three of the four WHOQOL-BREF domains, suggesting better overall well-being. Conclusion: Caregivers of schizophrenia patients experience slightly higher burden levels than those of BPAD patients, except for spouse-related burden. The episodic nature of BPAD allows for the periods of normal functioning, potentially contributing to better QOL. Addressing caregiver distress through psychosocial support and structured interventions is crucial for improving caregiver and patient outcomes.