The Application of Copper Nanoparticles Green Formulated by <scp> <i>Boswellia thurifera</i> </scp> in the Treatment of Epilepsy

Epilepsy is the second most prevalent neurological disorder worldwide. It is mostly identified by abnormal electrical activity in multiple brain regions. The massive influx of Ca²⁺ into neurons is the main neurotoxic mechanism that leads to cell death and eventually neurodegeneration. Despite the abundance of antiseizure medications, many patients with refractory epilepsy do not benefit from the treatment. Nanomedicine is a viable alternative for boosting the central nervous system's bioavailability of anti-seizure medications. This study examined the anti-epileptic effects of CuNPs@Boswellia thurifera in Swiss albino mice using experimental epilepsy models. Advanced methods like fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) were used to examine the material's structural properties. The 6-Hz-induced seizure model was first used to assess the effectiveness of CuNPs@B. thurifera. Using an actophotometer, the strong CuNPs@B. thurifera were tested for their ability to reduce locomotor activity. The effectiveness of the CuNPs@B. thurifera on the GABA levels in the brain was also examined in order to investigate their potential method of action. The effectiveness of the nanoparticles in producing maximal electroshock (MES) and convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) was next assessed. CuNPs@B. thurifera at either of the 100 or 200 μg/kg doses demonstrated a notable rise in brain gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels but no influence on locomotor activity. Notably, a higher dosage of the nanocomposite and diazepam successfully prevented convulsions in all anticonvulsant studies. It should be mentioned that CuNPs@B. thurifera has demonstrated remarkable protection against seizures caused by PTZ and MES, with the level of protection varying across doses. Building on these findings, the CuNPs@B. thurifera was subsequently examined in MES and PTZ models. The CuNPs@B. thurifera at doses of 100 and 200 μg/kg showed a significant decrease in 6-Hz-induced seizures. These results suggest that CuNPs@B. thurifera has potent anticonvulsant effects, possibly due to its capacity to increase GABA levels in the brain.