Analysis of clinical manifestations in patients during complex treatment of oroantral junctions

Background. This study presents an analysis of the effectiveness of a combined surgical and pharmacological approach to the treatment of oroantral communications, which are frequent complications in dental practice. Depending on the etiology, defect size, patient condition, and presence of comorbidities, various clinical strategies are applied – ranging from conservative to surgical and integrated methods. Particular attention is given to complex techniques that incorporate reconstructive procedures with advanced biomaterials and technologies aimed at promoting optimal healing outcomes. Objective – to evaluate modern approaches to the comprehensive treatment of oroantral communications, determine their clinical effectiveness, and justify the use of innovative surgical techniques based on long-term results. Materials and Methods. A comparative clinical study was conducted, analyzing the outcomes of the traditional method using a mobilized buccal flap versus a novel surgical approach involving a pedicled subepithelial palatal flap. Assessment criteria included the severity of postoperative edema, incidence of bleeding, presence of paresthesias, scar formation, and overall quality of soft tissue healing. Results. The novel technique was more technically demanding and extended the average operation time to approximately 30 minutes. However, it was associated with significantly fewer complications. In the control group, postoperative swelling (20%), paresthesia (40%), and scar deformities (100%) were frequently observed. These issues were absent in the study group, except for one minor case of bleeding from palatal artery branches. Conclusions. A comprehensive approach to oroantral communications treatment, combining advanced surgical techniques and medical therapy, has demonstrated high clinical efficacy. It allows for better tissue regeneration, fewer complications, and a shorter rehabilitation period. Further studies should focus on enhancing biomaterials and standardizing treatment protocols for consistent application in various clinical scenarios.