Study of collectible varieties of oats (Avena sativa L.) in the conditions of Central Yakutia

The article presents the results of the study of collection varieties from the collection of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N.I. Vavilov. N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR). Field studies in collection nurseries were conducted in 2017-2021 on permafrost taiga-pale soils of Khangalassky ulus of Central Yakutia. The vegetation period of varieties varied from 65 to 76 days on average. The vegetation period of the Pokrovsky standard averaged 75 days over 5 years of research. Three samples from Germany - k-15377 (9 days), k-15375 (8 days), k-15418 (7 days), Ulyanovsk region k-15180 (6 days), Slovakia k-15191 (6 days), Norway k-15357 (6 days), Germany k-15421 (6 days), Finland k-15471 (6 days) were the most early maturing, the Vilensky variety (5 days). In terms of yield, 10 varieties exceeding the standard variety Pokrovsky by 27-52% were identified: k-15336 (Altai region), Vilensky variety (Yakutia), k-15281, k-15278 (Moscow region), k-15342 (Buryatia), k-15357 (Norway), k-15330 (Ulyanovsk region), k-15380 (Tyumen region), k-15426 (Germany), variety Nikola (Kazakhstan). The analysis showed that grain yield (V = 38-62%) and grain weight per plant (V = 33-50%), weight of 1000 grains (V = 36-43%) varied most significantly, number of grains in the broom (V = 23-39%), as well as productive bushiness (V = 21-38%). The duration of vegetation period (V=3-6%) was a slightly varying trait. Correlation analysis showed that in all years of research the strongest strong direct relationship of yield was observed with grain weight per plant (r = 0.63 ... 0.87). The initial material of oats was selected and selected for further use in hybridization in the creation of new high-yielding, productive varieties adapted to the conditions of the region.