Technological Innovation Systems for Supply Chain Resilience: An Analysis of Environmental Investment in the Manufacturing Sector

This study examines how the adoption of Industry 5.0 technologies affects both corporate environmental commitment and economic resilience within the supply chain. Using a sample of 1,461 Spanish manufacturing firms, the research applies binary logistic regression, descriptive statistics, and correlation analysis to identify the key technological and organisational drivers of sustainable business strategies. The findings show that companies with higher levels of environmental investment also demonstrate greater technological innovation, particularly in robotics, the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), automation, and cyber-physical interaction. These technologies not only improve sustainability performance, but also improve the adaptability and robustness of production systems, which are critical to achieving a resilient supply chain. The study provides a comprehensive understanding of the technological determinants within the Industry 5.0 framework that influence corporate environmental responsibility and resilience. It also offers practical insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders aiming to align digital transformation with long-term sustainability objectives. This research presents new empirical evidence on how Industry 5.0 technologies impact environmental investment and resilience in manufacturing supply chains, delivering actionable insights for policymakers and managers.