Factors that influence protection of environment for sustainability in Malaysia

This study investigates the sustainability of five factors that influence protection of environment in Malaysia namely , reduction of pollution, conservation of water, waste management efficiency, saving energy and recycling . These are critical issues faced by Malaysian affecting their health, food security, waste management and conservation of energy. In addition, it will also explore whether recycling has a significant impact on environmental sustainability. The methodology used was based on purposive sampling, which selects participants who meet specific criteria, including their awareness and involvement in environmental protection in theory or practice. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and online questionnaires. In total, 271 responses were collected. The collected quantitative data were processed using SPSS and PLS-SEM. The findings, based on rigorous statistical analysis, confirmed that all five factors, reduction of pollution, conservation of water, waste management efficiency, saving energy and recycling have significant positive effects on the protection of the environment, with reduction of pollution being the most impactful. This study enriches the literature on environmental protection in Malaysia which is highly significant in addressing planetary health, ecology and biodiversity to ensure that sustainable development goals are achieved. The results guides policymakers to design more effective frameworks to tackle changes in environment while balancing economic growth and ecological well-being.