Robust uncertainty mitigation for multiple microgrids based on online response strategy of energy storage systems

Abstract The high penetration of renewable energy sources introduces uncertainty, posing significant challenges to the secure operation of multiple microgrids interconnected through lower voltage flexible interconnection devices. To address power and voltage fluctuations caused by these uncertainties, this paper proposes a robust optimisation method for multiple microgrids based on a novel online energy storage system (ESS) response strategy. First, a synthetic energy management model is constructed to facilitate the coordinated scheduling of various distributed energy resources within the system. Next, inspired by the mechanisms of automatic generation control, a novel online ESS response strategy is designed to enable ESSs to participate in both day‐ahead economic scheduling and real‐time uncertainty mitigation. Building on this, a robust optimisation model for multiple microgrids is established and reformulated into a solvable form based on duality theory. Finally, case studies conducted on a physical multiple microgrid system validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the method effectively mitigates uncertainties and maintains voltage security, ensuring efficient and reliable operation of microgrids.