β Alanine Modulates the Activity and Stability of Peroxiredoxin 6: A Biochemical and Mechanistic Study

Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is a bifunctional antioxidant enzyme with glutathione peroxidase and phospholipase A2 activities that plays an essential role in cellular redox regulation. However, the modulation of Prdx6 activity by endogenous small metabolites remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of β alanine on Prdx6 structure and function using biochemical, biophysical, computational, and cellular approaches. Enzymatic assays revealed that β alanine enhances the peroxidase activity of Prdx6 in a dose-dependent manner. Spectroscopic analyses demonstrated β alanine-induced conformational stabilization of Prdx6, which was further supported by increased thermal stability. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations identified a stable interaction of β alanine at a distinct allosteric site on Prdx6, accompanied by reduced local flexibility. In a proof-of-concept cellular system, β alanine treatment resulted in a significant reduction in intracellular reactive oxygen species, consistent with enhanced Prdx6-associated antioxidant activity. Collectively, these findings identify β alanine as a biochemical modulator of Prdx6 activity. The study is limited to mechanistic and cellular redox regulation and does not address tissue- or disease-specific physiology.