Depression in Older Adults: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Directions for Intervention

Depression in the elderly remains one of the most underestimated and under-addressed mental health challenges globally. Often masked by physical illness or dismissed as a normal consequence of aging, late-life depression carries severe implications, including reduced independence, higher risk of comorbidities, and increased mortality. This paper outlines a cross-sectional observational study focused on adults aged 65 and above, aiming to explore the prevalence of depressive symptoms and identify key influencing factors, including social isolation, chronic illness, economic hardship, and residential setting. The study will utilize validated instruments such as the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for assessment. Expected outcomes include higher depression rates among women, those living alone, and individuals managing multiple chronic conditions. The findings may offer critical guidance for public health interventions, clinical screening, and policy reforms targeting geriatric mental health. By clarifying both clinical and socio-environmental triggers, this study contributes to building effective mental wellness frameworks for aging populations.