INTRODUCTION AND SOLUTION TO QUESTION 1 OF THE THEORETICAL EXAMINATION OF THE 54TH INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS OLYMPIAD

This paper introduces the first question of the theoretical examination of the 54th International Physics Olympiad. The question is set against the background of global warming due to the greenhouse effect, and it examines the energy balance in blackbody radiation and heat conduction. The question is divided into two parts: the first part focuses on the distribution of radiant energy in blackbody radiation; the second part addresses the balance of energy under reflection and absorption. The question involves modern physics (blackbody radiation), energy transfer in thermodynamics, and the Fabry-Perot effect similar to that seen in multi-beam interference in optics.