Physiotherapeutic Management of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Focused Review of the Schroth Method

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a three-dimensional deformity of the growing spine, frequently associated with functional impairment, altered trunk biomechanics, compromised respiratory performance, and psychosocial burden. The risk of curve progression increases during periods of rapid growth, highlighting the need for effective conservative interventions targeting both structural and neuromuscular components of the deformity. This review synthesizes evidence published between 2005 and 2025 on the effects of Schroth-based physiotherapeutic scoliosis-specific exercises in adolescents aged 10-18 years with idiopathic scoliosis and Risser stages 0-5. Studies applying Schroth therapy exclusively or predominantly, either as a stand-alone intervention or combined with bracing, were included, while non-idiopathic scoliosis and mixed PSSE protocols were excluded. A total of 17 studies meeting predefined eligibility criteria were included. Across randomized controlled trials, controlled cohort studies, and longitudinal case series, Schroth interventions were associated with attenuation of Cobb angle progression, improvements in three-dimensional trunk symmetry, postural control, respiratory mechanics, and health-related quality of life. Combined Schroth and brace therapy generally demonstrated superior outcomes compared with bracing alone. Despite these findings, heterogeneity in intervention protocols and outcome measures limits direct comparability across studies. Overall, current evidence supports the Schroth Method as a relevant conservative strategy for AIS, particularly when initiated early and delivered through individualized three-dimensional correction. Further high-quality multicenter studies with standardized protocols are required to strengthen the long-term evidence base.