ChatGPT versus UpToDate in Preclinical Medical Education: Cross-Sectional Analysis Using Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency Cosine Similarity

ChatGPT with GPT-4o mini exhibited moderate but meaningful alignment with UpToDate across preclinical topics, performing best in fact-based disciplines such as pharmacology. Although it is not a substitute for evidence-based resources, ChatGPT may serve as an accessible adjunctive tool for medical students. Integration into preclinical learning should be coupled with artificial intelligence literacy training to promote responsible use and critical appraisal.